| root |
Talmit |
Kymna & Moluma |
|
T. phr.cmpd. álode➚ '1. to heal, treat, do good 2. healer, doctor'
T. phr.cmpd. álutru➚ 'edible, good to eat'
T. phr.cmpd. áruga➚ 'welcome'
T. phr.cmpd. árupsar➚ 'to warm something up by rubbing (esp. hands)'
|
K. a-/o- (intensifying prefix)
|
√aq~aj- |
T. ahambá, eambá 'biped'
T. phr.cmpd. áhmede➚ 'to mend, make whole'
T. áhmun 'ten'
T. phr.cmpd. áhruga➚ 'doing several things at once, in one go'
T. ákapat (< *aQaQaQ) 'many, a large amount'
T. ákat, eaQ- 'pair, both'
T. amáhmun 'sixty'
T. ámat 'six'
T. ápax 'pair'
T. at 'one'
T. ax 'sole, only'
T. phr.cmpd. áxeat➚ 'one by one, one at a time'
T. eaχtál 'phrasal compound'
|
K. ei(a) 'one'
K. eima 'first'
K. ëyru 'alone'
|
√as- |
T. as- (indicates a common direct object of plural subject)
|
K. asta 'a shared meal'
K. odzuma 'common, shared'
|
√ba- |
T. abá 'right leg'
T. aibá 'legs (dual)'
T. ba 'leg, pillar'
T. bá(h)es 'cane'
T. báhat '(one) step (unit of length, ca. 1 m)'
T. bárun '1. to feel with legs/feet 2. to march'
T. phr.cmpd. básseba➚ '1. gait, way of walking 2. conduct, behaviour'
T. dambá 'column, stone-pillar'
T. ibá 'left leg'
T. mnebárun 'to kick'
|
|
√bakhs- |
T. báχas 'force'
|
K. vavass 'storm'
M. amassh (< *ṇbakhs) 'storm'
|
√bamn- |
T. bámne 'sky'
|
K. vomun, vomnu- 'sky'
M. omun, omnu-
|
√ban- |
T. báimen 'sun'
T. bállin 'moon'
T. phr.cmpd. bámnugi➚ '1. watch the celestial bodies, perform astronomical observations 2. astronomer'
T. ban 'luminary, celestial body'
T. bánahwil 'sun and moon (formal)'
T. bánat 'sun (formal)'
T. bánes, bálles 'star (formal)'
T. bángamis 'south'
T. bánwil 'moon (formal)'
|
K. ruvan (< *pru-ban) 'east'
K. vanga 'sun'
K. vangana 'solar, pertaining to the sun'
M. onus (< *banus) 'moon' (diminutive of ban)
M. vanedzema (< *banus-ma) 'lunar, pertaining to the moon'
|
√bas- |
T. bas, bázda '1. head of an animal 2. head or cap of an object (e.g. pinhead) 3. bulb or clove of a lumpish vegetable 4.
derogatory of a human head'
T. phr.cmpd. bázraba➚ 'mushroom'
|
|
√bat- |
T. bámbate 'belly (pejorative)'
T. bátarun 'to embrace, make close contact with' (lit. 'to belly')
T. báte, bátte 'abdomen, belly (not the actual stomach organ)'
T. we-grade bétwe 'in the stomach'
|
|
√be- |
T. báe 'gentle animal voice (bleating, mewing, twittering...)'
T. béta 'sheep'
|
K. vimata 'sheep'
|
√begl- |
T. bélga 'milk'
|
K. Veheimyra 'Milky Way'
K. vehe, vehei- (< *begḷ) 'milk'
|
√begw- |
T. bégu 'vertical surface'
T. béoga 'brow'
|
K. pfv. vëhym (vehynde), impfv. avëhym (avehynde), cpd. vehy- 'to build, erect' (telic) (pfv. past from *begwende)
K. vetta, vëtta 'barrier'
|
√ben- |
T. béχme, béwen† 'here'
T. bémo 'this'
T. ben- 'here (by speaker)'
T. mulbendá 'alien, foreigner, stranger'
|
K. vena 'this'
K. vënuma 'this very (emph.)'
K. vëyru, vëvru 'like this'
|
√bi- |
T. béwe 'poor'
T. bímne 'rich'
|
K. vimna 'rich'
|
√biq- |
T. bíhrun 'to anoint'
T. bíhwa 'white, glossy'
T. bit 'oil, grease'
T. kambít 'paint' (lit. 'red (= coloured) grease')
|
K. vīsa (< *biQ-kha) 'oil'
M. vīsha
|
√bir- |
|
K. pfv. viriskërum 'to flip (tr.)' (causative)
K. pfv. vyrum (virende), impfv. avyrum (avirende), cpd. viri- '1. to flip several times showing the front and back side (itr.) 2. to dance by changing posture' (atelic) (cf. totum, viritotum)
|
√bjo- |
T. bjo 'area'
|
K. vya (< *bjo-pa) 'field'
|
√blegn- |
T. blénga 'gold'
|
K. wlein 'gold'
M. lwein 'gold'
|
√bleq- |
T. blétte 'pain' (irregular, perhaps analogical fortification of *blet)
|
K. wleivos (< *blē-pwos) 'pain'
K. pfv. wlëy(n)um (wlei(n)ende), impfv. avlëy(n)um (avlei(n)ende), cpd. wlei-, wleini- 'to pain, hurt' (stative)
M. pfv. lëy(n)um (lwei(n)ende), impfv. mulëy(n)um (mulei(n)ende), cpd. lwei-, lweini-
M. lweios
|
√blidw- |
T. blídu 'sickness'
|
K. wlippa, wlyppa 'sickness'
M. lwibba, lybba
|
√bloq- |
T. phr.cmpd. blóhnuket➚ 'to squash an insect'
T. blot, blóχta 'bug, insect'
|
K. ylo 'bug, insect' (probably dialect loan with *bl > *ul > yl)
|
√blur- |
T. blórwe 'thin, sparse state'
T. blur 'degree of density'
T. blúrne 'dense, thick state'
|
K. wlurma 'dense, thick'
M. luruma, lerema
|
√bo1- |
T. abó, abáo 'forwards'
T. ibó, ibáo 'backwards'
|
K. voe (< *bope) 'turn, change of direction'
M. oe
|
√bo2- |
T. bómne 'very drunk'
T. bówe '1. tipsy, slightly drunk 2. absent-minded'
|
K. vomna 'drunk'
M. omna
|
√bogw- |
T. bógu 'troll, ogre'
|
K. votta 'troll, ogre'
M. odda
|
√bol- |
T. aból 'forward position'
T. bol 'forward/backward position'
T. phr.cmpd. bóllugi➚ '1. facing the front 2. to be brave 3. to be frank, direct'
T. iból 'backward position'
|
K. prevb. aval-, avolum 'forwards, in front'
K. prevb. ival, ivolum 'backwards, in the back'
|
√bor- |
|
K. vorma 'demonic, evil'
K. vorua, vorva-, vora- (< *bor-pa) 'demon'
M. voru 'demon'
M. voruma
|
√bos- |
T. bóspa 'lie (state)'
T. bósta 'lie (statement)'
T. bózde 'lie (event)'
T. phr.cmpd. bózrubno➚ 'untrue, made-up story, bragging tale'
|
K. vodzua, vosva-, vodza- (< *bos-pa) 'lie'
K. vostula (< *bos-la) 'false, fake'
M. odzu 'lie'
M. oshla 'false, fake'
|
√bradn- |
T. brázna(h)on 'battle'
T. brázne-sun 'to compete in sport'
T. bráznun 'to fight'
|
K. wrān (< *bradnə) 'battle'
K. pfv. wrounum (wrānende), impfv. avrounum (avrānende), cpd. wrāni- 'to fight' (atelic)
M. rwaen
M. pfv. rwanum (rwaenende), impfv. murwanum (murwaenende), cpd. rwaeni-
|
√brel- |
T. brélmi 'ripples, wrinkles (on skin, bark)'
|
|
√bris- |
T. brίssun 'to smile'
T. mnebrίssun 'to laugh'
|
K. pfv. wrydzum (avrydzum), impfv. wridzende (avridzende), cpd. wrihi- 'to laugh' (atelic)
M. pfv. rydzum (murydzum), impfv. rwidzende (murwidzende), cpd. rwidʒi-
|
√bro- |
T. bro 'degree of volume'
T. brómne 'loud state'
T. brówe 'faint of sound'
|
K. wromna 'loud'
M. rumna
|
√brups- |
T. brups 'fool'
T. búmbrus 'complete fool, moron' (dissim. for *búmbrups)
|
K. wruch 'fool'
K. wruchma 'foolish'
M. ruch
M. ruchma
|
√bukn- |
T. búkne 'stem, stalk'
T. búnka 'stick'
|
K. vuchun, vuchnu- 'spine, backbone'
M. uchun, uchnu-
|
√bwo- |
T. bno 'mouth'
T. phr.cmpd. bórabno➚ 'noise of many talking voices, uproar'
|
K. vō 'mouth'
M. ō
|
√da- |
T. -da 'intelligent being'
|
K. kara 'human being'
M. kada
|
√dakw- |
T. dáku 'horse'
T. dakusendá 'rider'
T. dáku-sun 'to ride'
|
|
√dan- |
T. dan 'number'
|
K. dante 'many (noun), multitude'
K. dantima 'many (adj.)'
|
√daq- |
T. dáhmai, dáχtamai 'wall'
T. dáhmen 'large rock, boulder'
T. phr.cmpd. dáhraba➚ 'measurement'
T. dáhwin, dáhlin 'small rock, pebble'
T. dáχχa 'stone as a material'
T. dáχta 'a single stone'
T. dákat '(one) stone (unit of weight, ca. 1 kg)'
T. dáppa 'petrified state'
T. dat 'rock, stone'
|
K. dālim, dālin- 'rock, stone'
M. daelim, daelin-
|
√de- |
T. de 'action'
T. démai 'rite, ritual, formula'
T. phr.cmpd. dématal➚ 'rule, law'
T. phr.cmpd. démede➚ 'revenge, retaliation'
T. phr.cmpd. démogus➚ 'intention, plan of action'
T. phr.cmpd. démoka➚ 'beforehand, in preparation, in advance'
T. dénun, deon 'to do, carry out'
T. phr.cmpd. dérode➚ 'to be active, full of energy and motivation to make something ('thirst of action': Ger. Tatendrang, Jap.
やる気 yaruki)'
T. phr.cmpd. dérumui➚ 'impossible, not doable'
T. phr.cmpd. déssede➚ '1. interaction 2. coincidence'
T. smuldérun 'cease, stop'
|
K. dela 'busy'
K. pfv. dënum (denende), impfv. derënum (derenende), cpd. de-, deni- 'to do' (atelic) (also colloquial derende by syncope)
K. pfv. deskërum 'to force to do' (causative)
K. pfv. destonum 'to allow to do' (causative)
|
√dekhs- |
T. adéχse 'possible to do'
T. asadéχse 'easy state'
T. asɩdéχse 'difficult state'
T. idéχse 'impossible to do'
|
K. dessena 'possible'
K. iressena 'impossible'
M. desshina
M. iresshina
|
√der- |
T. adérne 'near the end'
T. adérnet 'at the end'
T. adérwe 'near the middle in the second half'
T. amnehdérnet 'in the end'
T. andér 'length'
T. andérne 'long'
T. andérwe 'short'
T. deadérnet 'at last'
T. idérne 'near the beginning'
T. idérnet 'at the beginning'
T. idérwe 'near the middle in the first half'
T. imnehdérnet 'in the beginning'
T. muldér 'in the very middle'
T. sɩdéremun 'to begin'
|
K. derina 'long'
K. dërua, derva-, dera- (< *derpa) 'length'
M. dëru 'length'
|
√dew- |
T. adéo 'good advice'
T. idéo 'bad advice'
|
K. devi 'advice'
|
√dikl- |
T. dίlka 'garlic'
|
K. dīka 'garlic'
|
√diphr- |
T. adéφre 'beauty'
T. idéφre 'ugliness'
|
K. pfv. dychrum (dichrende), impfv. andychrum (andichrende), cpd. dichri- 'to praise, admire' (atelic)
|
√djar- |
T. azál 'calm state'
T. izár 'angry state'
|
K. dzarma 'angry'
K. dzarme 'anger'
K. pfv. dzorum (dzarende), impfv. dradzorum (dradzarende), cpd. dzari- 'to rage, be angry' (atelic) (redupl. impfv. *djardjarun)
M. pfv. dʒorum (dʒarende), impfv. dʒandʒorum (dʒandʒarende), cpd. dʒari- (with dissimilation r > n rather than metathesis)
M. dʒoruma
M. dʒorume
|
√djur- |
T. zórde 'lightning (event)'
T. zur, zúrpa 'lightning (phenomenon)'
|
|
√djutn- |
T. zózne 'buzzing'
T. zúnta 'bee'
|
|
√dlem- |
T. dléme 'mould, rot'
T. kinzadléme 'tooth decay, caries'
|
K. lemge 'cheese' (clearly not native, likely a loan from another Tallic language)
|
√dlon- |
T. bardιlón 'state of dozing, being half-asleep'
T. dalón 'awake'
T. dιlón 'asleep'
T. dιrohdιlón 'state of being deeply asleep'
T. dlon 'awake/asleep condition'
T. sardalónun 'to wake so. up'
T. sardιlónun 'to put so. to sleep'
|
K. ilonna (< *i-dlon-na) 'asleep'
K. pfv. ilonum (ilonende), impfv. ilollonum (ilollonende), cpd. iloni-, ilo- 'to sleep' (stative)
K. lonna 'awake'
|
√do- |
T. do 'matter, concern'
T. phr.cmpd. dónuχris➚ 'to decide, make a judgement'
T. dónun, déon 'ask, inquire'
T. phr.cmpd. dórado➚ 'interrogation'
|
K. doa? 'what (matter)?'
K. donna? 'which?'
K. dora 'who?'
K. doru 'how?'
K. dota 'what (thing)?'
|
√dobn- |
T. adóbne 'trusted'
T. idóbne 'distrusted'
|
K. pfv. dovnum (dovnende), impfv. arovnum (arovnende), cpd. dovni- 'to trust' (stative)
|
√dor- |
T. dórda 'man (male)'
T. dórgan 'married man'
T. dórmen 'big man, hulk'
T. dórwin 'bachelor'
|
K. dorua, dorva-, dora- (< *dor-pa) 'man (male)'
M. doru
|
√drod- |
T. dródas 'miller'
T. drodembá 'mill'
T. dródun 'to grind'
|
|
√drokhs- |
T. dróχos 'habitat, inhabited area'
|
K. pfv. drossum (drossende), impfv. avrossum (avrossende), cpd. drohhi- 'to live' (stative)
K. kavross 'human being'
M. pfv. dorshum (dorshende), impfv. nirosshum (nirosshende), cpd. dorshi-
|
√droq- |
T. daróhne 'reversible for a long time'
T. daróhnet 'completely reversible'
T. daróhwe 'reversible only for a short time'
T. daróhwet 'reversible only for the shortest time'
T. dιróhne 'irreversible for a long time'
T. dιróhnet 'completely irreversible, permanent state'
T. dιróhwe 'irreversible for a short time'
T. dιróhwet 'irreversible for the shortest time'
|
K. yvrou 'alas'
|
√drus- |
T. bráznen-saldróssulun 'to defeat so. in battle'
T. drózwe 'incoherent, scattered'
T. drus 'degree of coherence'
T. drúzne 'coherent, consolidated, harnessed'
T. saldróssulun 'to scatter sth., to defeat so. in battle'
|
|
√dwamr- |
T. dwámrun 'to carry'
T. dwárma 'burden, a thing carried'
T. dwémre 'pregnant state'
|
|
√dwogr- |
T. dwógrun 'to work'
T. dwórga 'work'
T. gwaldwórga 'preparation'
|
K. doure 'work'
K. pfv. dourum (dourende), impfv. andourum (andourende), cpd. douri- 'to work' (atelic)
M. pfv. dwarum (dwarende), impfv. anwarum (anwarende), cpd. dwari-
|
√ga- |
T. redupl. aigagánun 'to go to and fro'
T. semelfact. aigánun 'go somewhere, then return'
T. angá ... hwilgá 'if ... then'
T. gána(h)on 'erratic wandering'
T. gáne, gáe 'voyage, journey, venture'
T. phr.cmpd. gánugi➚ 'test, examination (of a person or animal)'
T. gánun, gaun 'to go, walk'
T. phr.cmpd. gáruga➚ 'to continue, keep going'
T. phr.cmpd. gárugi➚ 'look for, search, hunt, gather'
T. phr.cmpd. gássega➚ 'step by step, gradual development'
T. géa 'a single step'
|
K. ganimo, ganymou- (< *ganen-pau) 'future'
K. pfv. geiskërum 'to make go, expel, banish' (causative)
K. pfv. geistonum 'to let go, release' (causative)
K. pfv. gonum (ganende), impfv. gounum, gahonum (gānende, gahanende), cpd. ga-, gani- 'to go' (telic)
M. pfv. gonum (ganende), impfv. aŋonum (aŋanende), cpd. gani-, ga-
|
√gam- |
T. anderdergáme (< lit. 'long-nose') 'elephant'
T. gámarun '1. to sniff 2. to come close to someone (esp. during hunting)' (lit. 'to nose')
T. gáme 'nose'
T. phr.cmpd. gámmoka➚ 'area between the nose and the upper lip'
T. phr.cmpd. gámnupsar➚ 'to trick, deceive, cheat in order to gain something'
T. gángame 'nose (pejorative)'
|
K. gom(i) 'nose'
|
√gan- |
T. -gan (reverential-augmentative suffix)
|
|
√gaphn- |
T. gámφa 'fish'
|
K. gacha (< *gaphṇ) 'fish'
|
√gar- |
T. gárun 'to change intensly, quickly, abruptly, forcefully'
|
K. pfv. gariskërum 'to make fall, scatter, disseminate' (causative)
K. pfv. gorum (garende), impfv. rahorum (raharende), cpd. gari- 'to fall over (of upright inanimates, e.g. trees)' (telic)
|
√ge- |
T. ge, géχa 'flesh, meat, soft substance, tissue'
T. phr.cmpd. génukes➚ '1. wound 2. satire, ridicule, embarassment'
T. géweta, géheta 'incarnation, avatar'
T. hatιgé 'egg-white'
|
|
√gegr- |
T. gégrun 'to trouble, pester'
|
|
√gepr- |
T. gépre 'way'
T. gepreganendá, gepredá 'voyager, traveller'
|
K. geire 'way'
K. geirin (< *gepre-nu) 'straight (adv.)'
K. pfv. gëyrum (geirende), impfv. ahëyrum (aheirende), cpd. geiri- 'to travel' (atelic)
M. pfv. gëyrum (geirende), impfv. aŋëyrum (aŋeirende), cpd. geiri-
|
√gi- |
T. degínun, degίun 'to try'
T. gínun, gɩun 'to see'
T. gipnós 'sense of sight, vision'
T. phr.cmpd. gíruga➚ '1. to scout, spy 2. scout, spy (noun)'
T. phr.cmpd. gírugi➚ 'splendid, magnificent, beautiful, admirable'
T. phr.cmpd. gírumui➚ 'invisible'
T. phr.cmpd. gíssepun➚ 'skill, expertise'
|
|
√gigw- |
T. gígu 'goose'
|
K. gitta, gytta 'goose'
M. gidda, gydda
|
√glan- |
T. glánun 'to sing'
|
K. pfv. lonum (lanende), impfv. ālonum (ālanende), cpd. lani- 'to sing' (atelic)
M. pfv. golnum (galnende), impfv. anglonum (anglanende), cpd. galni-
|
√glikhj- |
T. glίχι 'honey'
T. glíχιtápl 'flatterer'
|
K. līsa 'sweet'
K. līsalir 'flatterer'
|
√glo- |
T. gailó 'ears (dual)'
T. galó 'right ear'
T. giló 'left ear'
T. glo 'ear'
T. glórun 'to listen' (lit. 'to ear')
|
|
√glophn- |
T. glóφnun 'to hear'
T. glóφon 'sense of hearing, audition'
|
K. pfv. lochnum (lochnende), impfv. ālochnum (ālochnende), cpd. lachni- 'to hear' (stative)
M. pfv. golchnum (golchnende), impfv. anglochnum (anglochnende), cpd. galchni-
|
√glun- |
|
K. pfv. lunum (lunende), impfv. oulunum (oulunende), cpd. luni-, lu- 'to taste' ()
M. pfv. gulnum (gulnende), impfv. anglunum (anglunende), cpd. gulni-
|
√go- |
T. agó 'existence'
T. agopá 'ordinary, usual state'
T. saragónun 'to make, create'
T. ugí 'non-existence'
|
K. gota 'animal'
K. guma 'alive'
K. gumate, gumte 'men, human beings'
|
√gra- |
|
K. arāramna 'wild, furious, raging' (late addition of intensive a-, hence first vowel short)
|
√gros- |
T. gros 'degree of strength'
T. phr.cmpd. grózmota➚ 'fortress'
T. grózne 'strong state'
T. grózwe 'weak state'
|
K. grodzuma 'strong' (probably a blend of historical *rodzuma and Molmian gordzuma)
M. gordzuma
|
√gubn- |
T. gúmba 'cow'
|
K. guvun, guvnu- 'cow'
|
√gus- |
T. dιllogús (< *dilno-gus) 'dream (in sleeping)'
T. gus 'plan, artistic vision, shape in one's imagination'
T. gússun 'to plan, intend (esp. the plan to build or create sth.)'
|
|
√gwas- |
T. gwásχa 'grease'
T. gwáska 'fat (n.)'
|
K. gvas, gvast 'fat (n.)'
K. gvostula (< gwas-la) 'fat (adj.)'
M. gvashla (< gwas-la) 'fat (adj.)'
|
√gwimr- |
T. gwémre 'meeting'
T. gwímar 'attention'
T. gwímrun 'to see and hear; to meet'
T. sairungwímrun 'to unite, bring together (of human beings)' (lit. 'make meet; make see and hear each other')
|
K. pfv. gȳrum (salende), impfv. ahȳrum (assalende), cpd. sal- 'to see' (stative) (past tense from √phjal-)
M. pfv. gȳrum (gȳrende), impfv. aŋȳrum (aŋȳrende), cpd. gȳri-
|
√gwogr- |
T. gwórga 'wolf'
|
K. gorha 'wolf'
|
√gwuml- |
T. gwίmlun 'to sail, swim'
T. gwɩmlentá 'boat'
|
K. pfv. gūlum (gūlende), impfv. ohūlum, oulum (ohūlende, oulende), cpd. gūli- 'to swim' (atelic)
M. pfv. gūlum (gūlende), impfv. aŋūlum (aŋūlende), cpd. gūli-
|
|
T. phr.cmpd. írode➚ 'to harm, do evil'
T. phr.cmpd. íruga➚ 'to cheat in order avoid a disagreeable obligation (pain, punishment, payment etc.)'
T. phr.cmpd. írugi➚ 'evil eye, evil spell, hex, curse'
T. phr.cmpd. írugus➚ 'malice, ill intent'
T. phr.cmpd. írutru➚ 'non-edible'
|
K. i-/y- (negative prefix)
|
√iq- |
T. iQ- 'half of what it expected'
T. ίhrun (< *iQ-run) 'to cut in two equal parts'
T. ípιhrun (< *iQ-iQ-run) 'to cut in three equal parts'
T. ípit 'one third'
T. -it 'another (one out of two halves)'
T. it, i 'half'
T. sórki 'one fourth' (suffix might also be from √kju-)
T. únki 'one fifth' (suffix might also be from √kju-)
|
|
√k(h)ur- |
T. kur 'king'
|
K. sur 'king'
|
√ka- |
T. ka, kalká 'soil, ground'
T. káes 'sea (formal, rare)'
T. káhakwil, kéahwil 'earth and sky, the whole world (formal)' (dissim. for *káhahwil)
T. káhat 'earth (formal)'
T. phr.cmpd. kámapun➚ 'to settle, decide on a place to live'
T. phr.cmpd. kámata➚ 'fruit'
T. phr.cmpd. kámokur➚ '(title of the Tallic king)'
T. phr.cmpd. kánuga➚ '1. disembarking of an army 2. stability'
T. phr.cmpd. kánupsar➚ 'to shuffle, sweep the ground'
T. kápa 'solid state'
T. phr.cmpd. kárakun➚ 'adverse, inconveniencing circumstances, going to great lengths'
T. phr.cmpd. kásseba➚ 'foundation, fundament, grounds, reason'
T. káta, kátta 'table, slab, mesa (any bounded, flat and solid surface)'
T. káwil, káhil 'sky (formal)'
T. we-grade kéwe, kéhe 'on the ground, prone, lying down'
T. sent. ending kimmeká 'because'
|
K. kalha 'earth, soil'
K. kamin 'world'
K. koru 'home(wards)'
|
√kabl- |
T. aikálba 'arms (dual)'
T. akálba 'right arm'
T. akálbami 'army, troops' (lit. 'many right arms')
T. ikálba 'left arm'
T. ιkkálbarun 'to wrestle'
T. kálba 'arm'
T. kálbarun 'to apply strength' (lit. 'to arm')
|
K. kave, kavei- (< kabḷ) 'hand, arm'
K. kavlim, kavlyn- (< *kabḷ-win) 'vein, channel'
|
√kad- |
T. kádai 'gate, double door'
T. káde 'door (single)'
T. káderun 'to open a door'
T. kádun 'to push, apply pressure from the side'
T. táplen-kádun 'to coerce'
|
|
√kaj- |
T. kai, káida 'god'
T. káigan 'great god'
|
K. ake, akei- (< *ṇkaj) 'god'
|
√kakr- |
T. kárka 'crow'
|
K. karha 'crow'
|
√kaks- |
T. kax 'tar'
|
K. kassa (< *kaks-kha) 'tar'
K. pfv. kossum (kassende), impfv. akossum (akassende), cpd. kahhi- 'to decay' (telic)
M. kassha (< *kaks-kha) 'tar'
M. pfv. kossum (kassende), impfv. aŋossum (aŋassende), cpd. kasshi-
|
√kal- |
T. kal 'mud, clay'
T. kálkwa 'brorange, earth-coloured (between brown and orange)'
|
K. klasal (< *kalkhal) 'dirt'
|
√kam- |
T. kaχánta (< *ka-kam-ta) 'gooseberry, strawberry'
T. káχme (< *kam-khwe) 'dawn, east'
T. káma 'red'
T. kandát 'hematite'
T. kantwésta (< kam-twesta) 'rowan'
T. kéan, héan 'auburn, red-brown'
|
|
√kan- |
T. phr.cmpd. kámnogus➚ 'artistic plan, vision of a future creation'
T. kampá 'visual appearance'
T. kan 'shape (3-dimensional)'
T. phr.cmpd. kánnope➚ 'transformation, change of appearance or behaviour'
T. phr.cmpd. kánnugi➚ 'imagine'
T. phr.cmpd. kánzeki➚ 'representation, system, a set of symbols standing for something (e.g. script, mathematical
notation)'
|
K. pfv. konum (kanende), impfv. akonum (akonende), cpd. kani- 'to look, appear' (stative)
K. nasan (< *kankhan) 'shape'
|
√kar- |
T. akára 'good luck'
T. bamnakára 'good weather'
T. bamnekár 'weather'
T. bamnikárι 'bad weather'
T. ikárι 'bad luck'
T. phr.cmpd. kárzekar➚ 'fate'
|
K. akrasar (< *a-karkhar) 'good luck'
|
√kas- |
T. barkázwin 'smoulder'
T. kas 'fire'
T. kásχa 'fire as an element'
T. kaskazblóχta 'firefly'
T. káspa 'burning state'
T. kásta 'a single fire'
T. kázga 'wildfire'
T. phr.cmpd. káznuga➚ '1. danger 2. to go into danger'
T. kéas 'heart, fireplace'
|
K. pfv. kodzum (kadzende), impfv. sachodzum (sachadzende), cpd. kahi- 'to burn up' (telic) (redupl. impfv. *kaskhasun)
K. sachas (< *kaskhas) 'fire'
|
√katw- |
T. kakáttu, kaχáttu 'many trees, various sorts of trees'
T. kátu, káttu 'tree'
T. kátuχa 'timber'
T. katuká 'bark'
T. kátumi, kátumai 'forest'
T. káuta 'ship'
|
K. akoto (< *ṇkatw) 'forest'
K. kappa, koppa 'tree'
K. kotme, kotmei- (< *katwmai) 'orchard, garden'
M. ŋoto (< *ṇkatw) 'forest'
|
√kekr- |
T. kérka 'wine'
|
|
√keq- |
T. phr.cmpd. kéhruga➚ 'to trample, step on sth.'
T. phr.cmpd. kéhrumui➚ '1. stiff, unbendable 2. impregnable, inconquerable'
T. kéhrun 'to apply pressure from above'
|
|
√ker- |
T. ker, kérta 'a thing put on display (ware, sign, exhibit etc.)'
T. kérmi, kértami 'market'
T. phr.cmpd. kérugi➚ 'to look at something put on display (signs, exhibits in a museum etc.), browse wares'
|
K. pfv. keriskërum 'to imprison, make sit' (causative)
K. pfv. keristonum 'to invite, allow to sit' (causative)
K. pfv. kërum (kerende), impfv. kerhërum (kerherende), cpd. keri- 'to sit' (atelic)
|
√kes- |
T. keskeskwéte 'nettle'
T. késsem-pózun 'be assimilated in, blent in a medium'
T. késsen-tarugánun 'invade, intrude'
T. késsun 'to stab, pierce, kill'
T. phr.cmpd. kézrumui➚ '1. invincible, not able to be pierced 2. inconceivable, difficult to get a grasp of'
|
K. pfv. këdzum (kedzende), impfv. sechëdzum (sechedzende), cpd. kehi- 'to stab, prick' (telic) (redupl. ipf. *keskhesun)
|
√kha- |
T. ha 'mass noun - material, substance'
|
|
√khad- |
T. háde 'cloak, jacket, outer garment'
|
K. sare 'clothes (mass noun)'
M. shari
|
√khag- |
T. aχágas 'mouth~eater'
T. aχáge 'meal, eating'
T. aχagentá 'food, commodity' (= Ger. Lebensmittel, Jap. 食品 shokuhin)
T. aχágun 'to eat, consume, absorb'
T. aχánga 'food' (= Ger. Essen, Jap. 食べ物 tabemono)
T. aχángarun 'to eat up a meal'
T. iχágun 'spit out, emit, cast out'
|
K. saha 'meal'
K. pfv. sahistonum 'to feed' (causative)
K. pfv. so(h)um (sa(h)ende), impfv. aso(h)um (asa(h)ende), cpd. sahi- 'to eat up' (telic)
|
√khal- |
T. aχál 'alive'
T. aiχál 'dead or alive'
T. hal 'alive/dead state'
T. phr.cmpd. hállugi➚ 'to understand a person's character, to know someone well'
T. iχál 'dead'
T. saraχállun 'to beget, create'
T. sarɩχállun 'to kill'
|
|
√khan- |
T. hámme 'flat state'
T. han 'degree of flatness'
T. hénwe 'rough state'
|
K. sanna, sonuma 'flat'
M. shanna, shonuma
|
√khatj- |
T. háita 'germ, bud'
T. hátι 'egg'
|
K. sas (< *khatj) 'egg'
K. sassarat (< *khatj-daQ-ta) 'pearl, bead' (lit. 'egg-stone')
K. seita (< *khajta) 'seed'
K. sostulim, sostulin- (< *khatj-lin) 'pearl, bead' (lit. 'little egg')
M. sashlim, sashlin- 'pearl, bead'
M. sashtarat 'pearl, bead'
M. shasht (< *khatj)
M. sheita (< *khajta)
|
√khaw- |
T. hau, háwe 'harsh voice of an animal (barking, roaring, growling)'
T. háunun 'to bark, roar, growl etc.'
T. háwas 'dog'
|
K. savas 'dog'
M. shavas
|
√khekr- |
T. hékr 'pen~writer'
T. hékra(h)on 'doodle, scribble'
T. hékre 'writing, composition'
T. hékrun 'to write'
T. hérka 'written record'
T. hérkamai 'collection of written records, library'
|
K. pfv. sëchrum (sechrende), impfv. asëchrum (asechrende), cpd. sechri- 'to write' (telic)
M. pfv. shëchrum (shechrende), impfv. ashëchrum (ashechrende), cpd. shechri-
|
√khepr- |
T. hépr 'animal'
|
|
√kheq- |
T. het 'island'
T. kéhmai 'archipelago' (dissim. for *hehmai)
T. muldaχét 'deserted island'
|
K. sei 'island'
M. shei
|
√khezl- |
T. hélza 'a single touch, a single action of tasting'
T. hézιl 'sense of touch, tactition'
T. hézlun 'to feel'
T. tliraχézle 'good taste'
T. tlirɩχézle 'bad taste'
T. tlirχézlun 'to taste, feel with tongue'
|
|
√khign- |
T. kéhne 'coast, bank' (dissim. for *hehne)
|
K. hīn 'sand'
M. shīn
|
√khjepl- |
T. hjélpa 'fox'
|
K. seile 'fox'
M. sheile
|
√khjos- |
T. hjos 'memory'
|
K. pfv. hydzum (hydzende), impfv. ahydzum (ahydzende), cpd. hyhi-, yhi- 'to know' (stative)
K. hys, perhys (< *per-khjos) 'memory'
M. pfv. shydzum (shydzende), impfv. ashydzum (ashydzende), cpd. shydʒi-
|
√khjul- |
|
K. hylma 'heavy'
M. shyluma
|
√khlis- |
T. halís 'happiness'
T. hurίs 'unhappiness'
|
K. salis 'happiness'
K. salydzuma 'happy'
M. shalis
M. shalydzuma
|
√khlob- |
T. hlóbe 'drinking'
T. hlóbos 'cup'
T. hlóbun 'to drink'
T. hlómba 'draught, drink'
T. hlóppe 'bowl, pot'
|
K. pfv. loviskërum 'to fill with a liquid, make drink' (causative)
K. pfv. lovistonum 'to water, give drink to, allow to drink' (causative)
K. pfv. lovum (lovende), impfv. stulovum (stulovende), cpd. lovi- 'to drink' (stative)
|
√khlu- |
T. hlúmi 'salt'
|
K. lūsa (< *khlu-kha) 'salt'
|
√khlums- |
T. hlúmas 'sea'
T. hlúzma 'lake'
|
K. lundze 'sea'
K. sollundze 'lake'
|
√khodl- |
T. hódol 'ice'
|
K. sosolma (< *khokhodl-) 'cold'
M. sholuma
|
√khodr- |
T. hódrun 'to destroy'
|
K. sora 'death' (irregular for *sorva)
K. pfv. sorum (sorende), impfv. asorum (asorende), cpd. sori- 'to kill' (telic) (irregular for *sovrum)
M. pfv. shobrum (shobrende), impfv. ashobrum (ashobrende), cpd. shobri-
|
√khomn- |
T. hómne 'sound'
|
K. sumnumna 'loud'
K. sumun, sumnu- 'sound'
M. shumnumna
M. shumun
|
√khon- |
T. hómno, hóimo 'white'
|
K. noson (< *khonkhon) 'bone'
M. noshon
|
√khor- |
T. hor 'skin'
T. hórχa 'leather'
T. phr.cmpd. hórope➚ 'to shapeshift, change one's skin'
T. phr.cmpd. hóruχris➚ '1. to skin 2. skinner 3. terrifying, horrible'
T. phr.cmpd. hóruket➚ 'brand, stamp'
|
|
√khran- |
T. halán 'good (morally)'
T. hurán 'bad (morally)'
|
|
√khriz- |
T. hrésse 'blade'
T. hréze 'cutting'
T. hrίgza 'cut (noun)'
T. semelfact. hrίgzarun 'to cut once, make a cut'
T. hrίzun 'to cut'
|
K. strīdza 'a purchase, transaction'
K. pfv. strydzum (stridzende), impfv. astrydzum (astridzende), cpd. strivi- 'to buy' (telic)
K. strydzume, strydzumei- (< *khriz-mai) 'trade, buying and selling'
|
√khroq- |
T. hróhde 'drought (event)'
T. phr.cmpd. hróhruga➚ 'arroyo, wadi'
T. hróχta, hrótta 'piece of stale bread'
T. hrót, hróppa 'dried in the course of time: 1. stale state (of bread) 2. drought (resulting state) 3. "dry", thin and
wrikly appearance from old age'
|
K. strouna 'dry, dried'
|
√khul- |
T. hul 'snake, serpent'
T. húlgan 'great serpent, dragon'
T. hulgankúr 'dragon-king'
T. phr.cmpd. húllukes➚ 'to slay a dragon'
|
|
√khus- |
T. hózwe 'light, unimportant state'
T. hus 'degree of weight; importance'
T. húzne 'heavy, important state'
|
|
√khwa- |
T. hwa, hwátta 'flower, blossom'
|
K. svalim, svalin- 'flower'
|
√khwe- |
T. hwe 'direction'
T. phr.cmpd. hwéllado➚ 'ask for directions'
T. phr.cmpd. hwénope➚ 'locomotion, transfer, movement (not by walking)'
T. phr.cmpd. hwénugi➚ 'to see the right way to proceed, to have the intuition or experience for the solution of a problem'
T. phr.cmpd. hwésseχwe➚ 'side by side, one beside the other'
|
K. prevb. ahy-, ahȳm 'all around, all across, all over'
|
√khwetn- |
T. hwénta 'leaf'
|
K. hynta 'leaf'
|
√khwil- |
T. hwil 'feather'
|
K. hëy 'feather'
|
√ki1- |
T. kankí 'picture'
T. ki 'shape (2-dimensional)'
T. phr.cmpd. kínope➚ '1. error in writing 2. falsification of a document'
T. phr.cmpd. kínupsar➚ 'rubber, eraser'
T. phr.cmpd. kísseki➚ 'alphabet, writing system'
T. talkí 'letter, character'
|
|
√ki2- |
|
K. kita 'wedge, angle, corner'
K. korhime, korhimei- (< *Qor-ki-mai) 'world, all four corners (in formal contexts)'
|
√kib- |
T. képpe 'bag, pouch'
T. kíbis 'bow (for shooting) ~ archer, thrower'
T. kíbun 'throw, thrust, shoot'
T. kikébe, kχébe 'throwing, shooting'
T. redupl. kikíbun, kιχíbun 'to throw, thrust many times, shoot with a bow many times'
T. kímba 'a shot, throw'
T. semelfact. kímbarun 'to throw or shoot with a bow once'
|
K. pfv. ky(v)um (kivende), impfv. aky(v)um (akivende), cpd. kivi- 'to bend' (telic)
|
√kin- |
T. kénwe 'soft state'
T. kímme 'hard state'
T. kin 'degree of hardness'
T. kinkinkát(t)u 'oak' ('hard-tree')
|
K. kinna, kynuma 'hard'
|
√kip- |
T. kíppa 'rabbit'
|
K. kīa 'rabbit'
|
√kipr- |
T. képre 'angle'
T. kírpa 'knee'
T. kírpalin 'elbow' (lit. 'little knee')
T. kírpalun 'ask, request' (lit. 'to kneel')
|
K. kīre 'joint'
K. kyrua, kirva-, kira- 'knee'
M. kyru 'knee'
|
√kir- |
T. aikírta 'friend or foe'
T. akíl, akílpa 'friendliness'
T. ikír, ikírpa 'hostility'
|
K. kirina 'beautiful'
|
√kitn- |
T. kézne 'pole, pike'
T. kínta 'thorn, spike'
|
|
√kizn- |
T. kínza 'tooth'
T. kínzarun 'to bite' (lit. 'to tooth')
|
|
√kizw- |
T. kízu 'mouse'
|
K. kivva, kyvva 'mouse'
|
√kju- |
T. kjówet 'minority'
T. kju 'part, division'
T. kjújo 'few parts'
T. kjúmi 'many parts'
T. kjúmit 'all parts, the whole'
T. kjúmne 'large part'
T. kjúmnet 'majority'
T. unkjú 'plenty, enough, satisfactory state' (lit. 'five parts', cf. Jap. 十分 juubun lit. 'ten parts')
|
K. kȳme 'land (inhabited)'
K. kymna 'national, regional, belonging to the country'
|
√kle- |
T. kle 'organ, mechanism'
T. phr.cmpd. klénugi➚ 'to understand how something works'
T. sarklénun, sarkléon 'to construct, invent'
|
K. klechle (< *kle-kle) 'mechanism, device'
|
√ko- |
T. káo 'cycle, period'
T. ko 'round appearance'
T. kokán 'sphere'
T. kokí 'circle'
T. phr.cmpd. kórugi➚ 'to look around, assess the situation'
|
K. prevb. ko-, koum 'around'
K. mona 'round' (dialect loan in Kymna from Moluma)
M. ŋona (< *ṇko-)
|
√kobj- |
T. kóiba 'apple'
|
K. kyva 'apple, fruit'
|
√kodr- |
T. kódro 'wheel'
T. koχódro 'chariot, vehicle'
T. kokórdalun, koχórdalun 'revolve, rotate, move many times in a circle'
T. semelfact. kórdalun 'move once in a circle'
|
K. koro 'wheel' (irregular for *kovor)
K. korochle 'chariot'
M. kobor
|
√koml- |
T. kóml 'dirty water'
T. komlentá 'soap'
T. kómlun 'to wash'
|
K. pfv. koulum (koulende), impfv. akoulum (akoulende), cpd. kouli- 'to wash' (telic) (loss of m by dissimilation only in the present; rarely anal. koulende,
akoulende)
M. pfv. kwalum (koulende), impfv. angwalum (aŋoulende), cpd. kouli-
|
√kon- |
T. kon 'nut'
|
K. konim, konin- 'nut'
|
√kophs- |
T. kóφsun 'to dig'
T. kósφa 'hole'
T. semelfact. kósφarun 'to dig up a hole'
|
|
√kos- |
T. kos 'kin, family, group of associates'
|
K. kodzume, kodzumei- (< kos-mai) 'family'
|
√kran- |
T. krámme 'powerful, influential'
T. kran 'degree of power, influence'
T. kránemun 'to command'
T. krénulun 'to obey'
T. krénwe 'weak (of power)'
|
K. kranna, kronuma 'powerful, influential'
M. karna, kornuma
|
√kraq- |
T. kaskrát 'volcano'
T. krádmi, krádmai 'mountains, mountain range'
T. phr.cmpd. krádmoka➚ 'valley'
T. redupl. krákkrat, krápprat 'many mountains'
T. krat 'mountain'
|
K. krāta, krāmin 'mountain'
M. kark, kara (< *karQ < *kraQ) 'mountain'
|
√kras- |
T. kairás '1. pattern with repeated and inversely repeated elements 2. universe, κόσμος'
T. karás 'ordered, symmetrical state'
T. karaskí 'pattern'
T. karastá 'decoration, adornment, trinket'
T. kirás 'anti-ordered, anti-symmetrical state, opposition'
T. kiraspá 'duality, doublet state'
T. kras 'degree of order'
T. mulkrás 'disordered, chaotic state'
|
|
√kriks- |
T. krίxun 'to scratch'
|
K. pfv. kryfum (krifende), impfv. achryfum (achrifende), cpd. krifi- 'to scratch' (telic) (dissimilated from *achrychum and by analogy extended to the perfective)
M. pfv. kyrfum (kirfende), impfv. aŋyrfum (aŋirfende), cpd. kirfi-
|
√kroz- |
T. kairóze 'wings (dual)'
T. karóze 'right wing'
T. kiróze 'left wing'
T. króze 'wing'
|
K. krodze 'branch, twig'
M. kordze
|
√ksatr- |
T. xátrun 'to fly'
|
K. pfv. kostrum (kastrende), impfv. akostrum (akastrende), cpd. kastri- 'to fly' (atelic)
|
√ksetl- |
T. xétle 'sticky state'
|
K. pfv. këstulum (kesteinde), impfv. akëstulum (akesteinde), cpd. kësty- 'to stick, adhere' (static)
|
√kubl- |
T. akúble 'healthy state'
T. ikúble 'unhealthy, sick state'
|
|
√kum- |
T. káuma 'bear'
|
K. kūmo (< *kuQma) 'bear'
|
√kuph- |
T. kúφφa 'mole'
|
K. kuch 'mole'
|
√kus- |
T. kus 'comb (tool)'
T. kússun 'to comb'
T. phr.cmpd. kúzruχris➚ '1. scythe 2. to mow'
|
K. kusta 'comb (tool)'
K. pfv. kustum (kustende), impfv. suchustum (suchustende), cpd. kusti- '1. to comb 2. to till the soil' (telic) (redupl. impfv. *kuskhust-un)
|
√kwa- |
T. akwá, akwápa 'healthy skin colour: blushed, ruddy'
T. ikwá, ikwápa 'bad skin colour: sickly-pale, haematoma, rash etc.'
T. ikwátta 'black spot, bruise'
T. kwa 'colour state'
T. phr.cmpd. kwánope➚ '1. to change colour 2. to blush'
T. phr.cmpd. kwássekan➚ 'style, fashion'
T. mulkwá 'colourless, blank state'
|
K. achva 'red'
K. himachva 'pink'
K. kvamna 'colourful'
|
√kwats- |
T. kwásta 'fruit'
|
K. kvasta 'female breast'
|
√kwepl- |
T. kwéplemi 'twines, ivy'
|
K. këya (< *kwelpa) 'small plant, bush'
|
√kwet- |
T. kwéte 'blade of grass'
T. kwétemai 'lawn'
T. kwétemi 'grass'
|
K. kytme, kytmei- (< *kwete-mai) 'grass'
|
√kwin- |
T. kwínda 'descendant, offspring'
|
K. -kim, -kyn- (patronymic suffix)
K. kynume, kynumei- (< *kwin-mai) 'generation'
|
√kwor- |
T. kwor 'plant'
T. pekwór 'flower'
T. pekwórmai 'bouquet'
|
K. korua, korva-, kora- (< *kwor-pa) 'large plant'
K. pfv. korum (korende), impfv. korhorum (korhorende), cpd. kori- 'to grow' (stative) (redupl. impfv. *kworkhworun)
M. koru 'large plant'
|
|
T. étle 'field'
|
|
√lin- |
T. -lin (diminutive suffix)
|
K. lilynuma 'teeny'
K. -lim, -lin- (originally diminutive, later noun-formative for small objects, animals etc.)
K. lynuma 'tiny'
|
√ma- |
T. hwáma? 'for whom?'
T. hwámo? 'whose?'
T. máda? 'who? (nom.)'
T. málla? 'about whom?'
T. mánu? mánnu? 'whom?'
T. máza? 'by whom?'
|
|
√magw- |
T. mágu 'demon'
T. máguχris (name of a sword)
|
|
√makw- |
T. aimáku 'clothed or naked'
T. amáku 'clothed'
T. imáku 'naked'
T. mákuta 'garment, piece of clothing'
T. samákun 'to get dressed' (cpd. samákwen-)
T. sarιmákun 'to strip so. or sth.' (cpd. sarιmákwen-)
T. sιmákun 'to get undressed' (cpd. sιmákwen-)
|
K. pfv. mottum (amottum), impfv. makynde (amakynde), cpd. maky- '1. to wrap up, roll up 2. to prepare for burial 3. to surround, besiege' (telic)
|
√me- |
T. méda 'human being'
T. mégan 'great man, hero'
T. phr.cmpd. méjapla➚ 'extrovert, outgoing person'
T. phr.cmpd. mémokan➚ 'puppet'
T. phr.cmpd. mémoki➚ 'portrait or photograph of a person'
T. phr.cmpd. ménugi➚ 'to visit a person (at home, at a hospital etc.)'
T. phr.cmpd. mérame➚ 'people, population'
T. phr.cmpd. mésseme➚ 'gathering, public event, party'
|
|
√metw- |
T. méota 'cat'
|
K. myta 'cat'
|
√mi- |
T. immibá 'centipede'
T. -mi (greater plural ending)
T. phr.cmpd. mínomut➚ 'used up, all gone (of a large amount of objects initially)'
|
K. -mi (plural ending)
|
√min- |
T. mínda 'woman'
|
K. mynua-, minva-, mina- (< *min-pa) 'woman'
M. mynu
|
√mis- |
T. -mis (average value on scale)
T. mis-, mizu- (< *mis-nu) (reflexive prefix)
T. phr.cmpd. mízmata➚ 'piece of supply'
T. phr.cmpd. mízmokle➚ 'inner organ'
|
K. mihina (< mis-na) 'central, inner, primary'
K. mista 'body'
K. -mitma (< mis-mo) '-bodied, having a body of a particular shape, colour etc.' (recent formation)
K. mitta 'body' (by analogy from -mitma)
K. mydzuma (< mis-mo) 'one's own (reflexive possessive)' (old s-m contact)
K. mystula (< *mis-la) 'bulky, stout'
M. mishla (< *mis-la) 'bulky, stout'
|
√mu- |
T. múllin 'womb'
T. múte, mútte 'mother'
|
|
√muj~mul~mur- |
T. -ímnui 'without doing'
T. mul- (zero value for measurable states)
|
K. mure 'no (interj.)'
M. muri
|
√muq- |
T. mut 'nothing' (with temporal case = 'never')
T. phr.cmpd. múxemut➚ 'nothing at all, naught, zip, zilch'
|
|
√mus- |
T. múskwa, múzma 'black'
T. phr.cmpd. múzrakan➚ 'black and red; day and night'
|
K. mussa (< *mus-kha) 'night'
K. mutma 'black'
M. mussha (< *mus-kha) 'night'
|
√n-kh-➚ |
T. éχne 'grellow (between green and yellow)'
T. éχneta 'vegetable'
|
|
√na(n)- |
T. naχme? 'where? (loc. and all.)'
T. nálla? 'about what?'
T. náma? 'for what?'
T. námo? 'whose?'
T. námpa? 'what state?'
T. nana?, nanna? 'which?'
T. nánka? 'why?'
T. nánta? 'what (thing)? (nom.)'
T. nánu? nánnu? 'what? (acc.)'
T. náza? 'with what?'
|
|
√naq- |
T. náhrun 'to weep, cry'
T. phr.cmpd. náxebrιs➚ 'to laugh to the point of tears'
|
K. pfv. nëy(n)um (nā(n)ende), impfv. anëy(n)um (anā(n)ende), cpd. nāni-, nā- 'to weep, cry' (telic)
|
√nes- |
T. -nes (same value on relative scale for measurable states)
T. phr.cmpd. nézrode➚ 'repetition, training, exercise'
T. phr.cmpd. nézruga➚ '1. parallel line 2. companion, satellite'
|
K. prevb. nes-, nëdzum 'to repeat'
|
√nigw- |
T. nίuga 'pear'
|
K. nitta, nytta 'pear'
M. nidda, nydda
|
√no- |
T. nómis 'knowledge'
T. nómne 'good knowledge'
T. nówe 'bad, shallow knowledge'
|
K. pfv. onum (noende), impfv. anoum (anoende), cpd. oni- 'to know' (stative) (various dissimilations of *nonun)
|
√ŋwa- |
T. sent. ending amá (evidential of first-hand experience)
T. -ma/-wa/-ngwa '-coloured, having the apperance of' (-ma after vowels, -ngwa after n,
-wa after other consonants)
T. phr.cmpd. mánope➚ 'to make faces, grimace'
T. phr.cmpd. mánukes➚ '1. to blind someone, poke someone's eyes out 2. (of an object) striking, eye-catching 3. (of behaviour)
strange, extraordinary, not as usual'
T. phr.cmpd. mánupsar➚ '1. to rub one's eyes 2. to be tired and sleepy 3. to be disappointed'
T. phr.cmpd. mázagi➚ '1. obvious, apparent 2. eyewitness'
|
K. avata 'eye'
|
√p(j)al- |
T. barpálwin 'high water, small flood in spring'
T. pal 'water'
T. pálga 'flood'
T. pálχa 'water as a substance'
T. phr.cmpd. pálluga➚ 'to vanish, disappear'
T. pálpa 'liquid state'
T. pálta 'body/fixed volume of water'
T. phr.cmpd. pálzebit➚ 'contradiction, incompatibility'
|
K. solua, salva-, sala- (< *pjal-pa) 'water'
M. solu 'water'
|
√pa- |
T. ápea 'good, proper state'
T. ipéa 'bad, improper state'
T. mulpéa 'neither good nor bad, average/neutral state'
T. pa 'state, condition'
T. phr.cmpd. pánope➚ 'change of state'
T. phr.cmpd. pánugi➚ 'to inspect (how the state of affairs is)'
|
K. pa- (honorific prefix)
|
√pagj- |
T. páiga 'melon'
|
K. meia 'cucumber' (loan from Moluma)
M. meia (< *ṇpajga) 'cucumber'
|
√pan- |
T. barpállin 'stepchild'
T. pan, pállin 'child'
|
K. pan, panim, panyn- 'child'
|
√paps- |
T. pápsun 'to bake'
T. páspa, papsentá 'bread'
|
K. pach 'bread'
K. podzua, pasva-, padza- (< *paspa) 'dough'
K. pfv. possum (passende), impfv. oussum (āssende), cpd. pahhi- 'to bake' (telic) (also historical oussende)
M. podzu 'dough'
M. pfv. possum (passende), impfv. amossum (amassende), cpd. passhi-
|
√paq- |
T. phr.cmpd. páhjamut➚ 'barefoot, shoeless'
T. pat 'shoe'
|
K. pāta 'shoe'
M. paeta
|
√patn- |
T. sent. ending pánta (optative particle)
T. pézne 'desired'
|
K. pata (< *patṇ) 'wish'
K. pfv. povnum (pavnende), impfv. ouvnum (ouvnende), cpd. pavni- 'to wish' (stative)
M. pfv. povnum (pavnende), impfv. amovnum (amavnende), cpd. pavni-
|
√pe- |
T. pe 'change'
T. pénun, péon 'to change'
T. phr.cmpd. pérope➚ 'sudden and unexpected turn of events (usually favourable)'
|
K. pfv. pënum (penende), impfv. pëynum (peinende), cpd. pe-, peni- 'to change' (telic) (redupl. impfv. *pepenun)
|
√peds- |
T. pézda 'a single step of a staircase'
T. pézdami, pézdamai 'stairs, staircase'
|
K. peidza 'tile, brick' (irregular vowel)
M. paedza (irregular vowel)
|
√pek- |
T. péka 'right'
T. pékai 'cheeks (dual)'
T. péke 'cheek'
T. péki 'left cheek'
|
K. petme, petmei- 'cheek'
|
√pekhw- |
T. aipéoχa 'palms (dual)'
T. apéoχa 'right palm'
T. ipéoχa 'left palm'
T. péχu 'horizontal surface'
T. péoχa 'palm'
|
K. peffa, pëffa 'plain'
|
√pel- |
T. pelahwílles 'mansion, palace'
T. pelestámi, pélezmai 'town, city'
T. péllat, pélaχta 'floor'
T. pélles, pélesta 'roof'
T. phr.cmpd. pélmoka➚ 'garden (attached to a house), backyard'
T. pélwin 'small, cheap house'
T. pérwil, pérwilta 'wall'
T. sarpéllun 'to construct, build'
|
K. ame, amei- 'town, city' (dialect loan from Moluma)
K. pfv. pëlum (pelende), impfv. ëylum (eilende), cpd. pei-, peli- 'to measure' (telic)
M. ame, amei- (< ṇpel)
M. pfv. pëlum (pelende), impfv. amëlum (amelende), cpd. pei-, peli-
|
√pepj- |
T. pίipa, pépilin 'butterfly'
|
K. pëys, pefta 'butterfly'
M. pefsha
|
√pepl- |
T. pépla 'upper lip'
T. péplai 'lips (dual)'
T. péplarun '1. to kiss 2. to sip'
T. péple 'lip'
T. pépli 'lower lip'
|
K. eble (< *ai-peple?) 'lip' (irregular)
|
√per- |
T. gwalpérax 'heir apparent'
T. per- 'ἀρχɩ-, head = leader'
T. pérax 'monarch'
T. phr.cmpd. pérope➚ 'to turn around, to turn one's head, to flip over'
T. perpélezmai, perpélmai 'capital'
T. phr.cmpd. péruχris➚ 'decapitation, execution'
T. phr.cmpd. péruket➚ '1. button, key (on keyboard) 2. to press a button 3. to button up a shirt etc.'
T. phr.cmpd. pérupsar➚ 'to scratch one's head'
T. phr.cmpd. pérzeper➚ 'face to face, facing each other'
T. phr.cmpd. pérzepur➚ 'dimensions, extension, extent'
T. we-grade péwer, péher 'brain'
|
K. përua, perva-, pera- (< *per-pa) 'duke, prince'
K. recher (< *perpher) 'chief, leader'
M. përu 'duke, prince'
|
√phabn- |
T. φámba 'degree of satiation'
|
K. havenna (< *phabne-na) 'hungry'
|
√phal- |
T. aφálχa 'light'
T. aφálχne 'sunlight seen through leaves'
T. aφálne 'bright state'
T. aφélwe 'light state'
T. aiφálχa 'both light and shadow, clair-obscur'
T. φal 'light intensity, degree of brightness'
T. iφálχa 'darkness, shade (mass noun)'
T. iφálne 'dark state'
T. iφálta 'shadow (count noun)'
T. iφélwe 'darkish state'
T. muφál 'twilight state'
|
K. halma 'bright, white'
K. mutfalma 'gloomy, sombre, murky'
|
√phamr- |
T. φámrepa 'covered state'
T. φámreta 'cloud (white)'
T. φárga 'stormcloud'
T. phr.cmpd. φáruga➚ 'insanity'
|
K. harme, harmei- 'cover' (instead of *harma < *pharma by influence of frequent
-me)
K. homur (< *phamṛ) 'cloud'
|
√phe- |
T. eφémis 'same, equal state'
T. φe 'degree of similarity'
T. sarφéolun 'to make dissimilar'
|
|
√pheks- |
T. aφéx(e) 'day'
T. aiφéx(e) 'day and night'
T. apéφex 'many days'
T. iφéx(e) 'night'
|
K. achess '24-hours period' (= Russ. сутки, Finnish vuorokausi)
K. hess 'day'
K. veness 'today'
|
√phel- |
T. φéllun 'to change slowly, gradually, continuously'
|
|
√phi- |
T. φi, φípa 'thin state; bad (= unfortunate, undesirable) state'
|
K. hima 'thin'
|
√phidw- |
T. φídu 'bond, fetter'
|
K. hippa, hyppa 'bond'
M. hibba, hybba
|
√phjal- |
T. aφjál 'right eye'
T. aiφjál 'eyes (dual)'
T. φjal 'eye'
T. φjálarun, φjállun 'to watch, observe' (lit. 'to eye')
T. redupl. φjálφjal 'many eyes, various viewpoints'
T. iφjál 'left eye'
|
K. eisal (< *ai-phjal) 'face' (originally dual 'eyes')
K. salme, salmei- 'sight'
|
√phjomn- |
T. φjómma 'ray of light'
T. φjómne 'flow of light'
T. φjómnun 'to illuminate, send light towards sth.'
T. paruφjómne 'east'
T. piruφjómne 'west'
|
K. pfv. hymnum (hymnende), impfv. ahymnum (ahymnende), cpd. hymni- '1. to brighten, clear up 2. to cheer up' (atelic) (anal. present under the influence of the noun and the past tense for hist.
*(a)hȳnum)
K. hymun, hymnu- 'light'
K. isomna 'dark, black' (irreg.)
|
√phjubr- |
T. φjúbre 'border'
T. sent. ending φjúrba 'only, limited to'
|
K. hyvre 'border'
|
√phoks- |
T. φóska 'a single hair'
T. φóskamai 'beard, moustache'
T. φóskami 'hair'
|
K. hoss 'hair'
|
√phor- |
|
K. horma 'old'
M. horuma
|
√phos- |
T. φos 'wind'
T. φózga 'storm'
|
K. sofos (< *phosphos) 'wind'
|
√phril- |
T. φrɩl 'degree of openness'
T. samφrίllemun 'to open sth.'
|
K. frīma 'open'
|
√phron- |
T. φróχme, φréon† 'there'
T. φrómo 'that by you'
T. φron- 'there (by listener)'
|
|
√phu- |
T. φu, φúχa 'air'
T. φúga 'scent'
|
K. fū, fume 'air'
|
√phwi- |
T. aφnínun, aφnίun 'to inhale'
T. semelfact. aiφnínun, aiφnίun 'to inhale and exhale (one cycle)'
T. redupl. aipiφnínun, aipiφnίun 'to breathe'
T. φnínun, φnɩun 'to blow (of wind)'
T. iφnínun, iφnίun 'to exhale'
|
K. pfv. hynum (hynende), impfv. hyhȳnum (hyhynende), cpd. hy-, hyni- 'to breathe' (stative) (redupl. impfv. < *phwiphwinun)
|
√phwos- |
T. φnáos '1. mist, fog 2. murky, obscure, intransparent state'
|
K. hōs 'mist, fog'
|
√pil- |
T. muspílta 'birthmark'
T. pílmi, píltami 'sprinkles, dewdrops, little patches of dirt'
|
|
√pin- |
T. pínun 'to use'
|
K. pfv. pynum (pinende), impfv. nichȳnum (nichȳnende), cpd. pini- 'to use' (stative) (redupl. impfv. < *pinphinun)
|
√pir- |
T. pir 'deer'
|
|
√pitr- |
|
K. pifrena '1. naked, bare 2. poor, destitute'
K. pifrenta 'beggar, pauper'
|
√pla- |
T. palá 'state of being liked'
T. purá 'state of being disliked'
|
K. ālana (< *a-pla-na) 'good'
K. ālaven (< *a-pla-ben) 'welcome'
M. aelana
|
√plakh- |
T. paláχamne 'hot water'
T. paléχwe 'warm water'
T. piláχumne 'cold water'
T. piléχwe 'cool water'
T. pláχe 'water as something with temperature'
|
K. lasa 'warm/hot water'
|
√plats- |
T. plásta 'liver'
|
K. last 'heart (as the seat of emotions)'
|
√ple- |
T. palé, paláe 'right (adv., Lat. dextrorsum)'
T. pilé, piláe 'left (adv., Lat. sinistrorsus)'
|
|
√plen- |
T. palén 'right position'
T. pilén 'left position'
|
K. īlin, ālin 'as, so'
|
√pleps- |
T. pleps 'baby'
|
K. lessim (< *pleps-win) 'baby'
K. lëssula 'young'
|
√ples- |
T. ples 'drop'
T. plézmi 'rain'
T. plézrun, pléssarun 'to pour'
|
K. ledza (< *plesjo) 'dew'
|
√plezn- |
T. barplézne 'twig'
T. pailézne 'hands (dual)'
T. palézne 'right hand'
T. redupl. peplézne, peφlézne 'many hands, various agents'
T. pilézne 'left hand'
T. pléznarun 'to feel with hands' (lit. 'to hand')
T. plézne 'hand, branch'
|
K. lindza (< *plenza) 'net, cobweb'
|
√plumj- |
T. plúima 'tear, teardrop'
|
K. pfv. lȳum (lymende), impfv. olȳum (olymende), cpd. lȳmi- 'to rain' (telic) (derived from the noun)
K. lyma 'rain'
M. pfv. lȳum (lymende), impfv. mulȳum (mulymende), cpd. lȳmi-
|
√pobl- |
T. póble 'speech, way of talking, articulation'
T. pobleteθébne 'phonology'
T. pólba 'spoken word'
T. pólbamai 'sentence, phrase'
|
K. povle 'language'
M. pobli
|
√podj- |
T. barpóida 'tributary'
T. we-grade páidwa 'gone, vanished, dissolved state'
T. póida 'river'
T. poida-hadérnet 'river delta'
T. popóida, poφóida 'many rivers, various styles' (= Jap. 色色 iroiro)
T. pózun 'to flow'
|
K. pfv. porym (porynde), impfv. ourym (ourynde), cpd. pori- 'to flow' (atelic)
K. pyra 'river'
K. pfv. pyrum (pirende), impfv. ëyrum (eirende), cpd. pyri- 'to flow' (atelic) (derived from the noun)
M. pyda
M. pfv. pydum (pidende), impfv. amydum (amidende), cpd. pydi-
|
√pogn- |
T. póhnun 'to decide'
|
K. pfv. pounum (pounende), impfv. ounum (ounende), cpd. pouni- 'to decide' (telic)
M. pfv. pwanum (pwanende), impfv. amwaum (amwanende), cpd. pwani-
|
√pran- |
T. pran 'across or orthogonal position'
T. prangépre, prangá 'bridge, ford, crossing'
|
K. ranga 'bridge'
K. pfv. raniskërum 'to coerce' (causative)
K. pfv. ranistonum 'to persuade' (causative)
K. ranna 'lying across'
|
√praw- |
T. prau 'human voice'
|
K. roume, roumei- 'language' (originally 'collection of voices')
M. rwame, rwamei-
|
√pru- |
T. parú 'up'
T. pirú 'down'
|
K. ouru! 'come on! let's go!'
K. poru 'up'
K. pyru 'down'
|
√prubs- |
T. parúzba 'tower'
|
K. orudza (< *a-prusba) 'tower'
|
√prud- |
T. paróde 'standing, upright state'
|
|
√prukhs- |
T. pruχsemendá 'lord, master'
T. prúχsemun 'to lead, be in charge'
T. prúχsulun 'to obey, be subordinate'
T. prúχus 'degree of importance'
|
|
√pruks- |
T. pápparux, púpparux 'head (pejorative), noggin'
T. parúx, paróxe 'head'
T. parúxmen 'umbrella' (lit. 'big head')
|
K. poruch 'head'
|
√prus- |
T. amprús, naprús 'height'
T. imprús, niprús '1. depth 2. memory'
T. parús 'position above'
T. pirús 'position below'
T. prus 'position above/below'
T. phr.cmpd. prúznope➚ 'gradient, change of altitude'
T. pupparúzda, papparúzda 'tall guy (pejorative)'
T. salparússun '1. to raise 2. to cause'
T. salpirússun '1. to lower, take down 2. to settle (a problem)'
T. sparússun 'to rise'
T. spirússun 'to descend'
|
|
√psar- |
T. psárun 'to rub, scratch (without leaving permanent marks)'
|
K. pfv. postrum (pastrende), impfv. oustrum (āstrende), cpd. pastri- (< *pasrun) 'to grind, edge, sharpen' (telic)
|
√pun- |
T. espúnat 'pinch (measure of volume)' (lit. 'three-finger-one')
T. mnepúnarun 'to poke'
T. piruspún 'toe'
T. phr.cmpd. púmnoka➚ 'inner side of the fingertip (Ger. "Fingerkuppe")'
T. pun 'finger'
T. punahwilézrun 'all five fingers'
T. púnarun 'to feel with fingertips' (lit. 'to finger')
T. púnat 'thumb'
T. púnes, púlles 'second finger'
T. púnor, púnzor 'third finger'
T. púnun 'pinkie'
T. púnwil 'index finger'
T. umpún 'all five fingers, hand'
|
K. pum, pun- 'finger'
K. purum, purun- (< *pur-pun) 'toe' (lit. 'foot-finger')
|
√pur- |
T. aipúr 'feet (dual)'
T. apúr 'right foot'
T. ipúr 'left foot'
T. pur 'foot'
|
K. pur, rufur (< *purphur) 'foot, leg'
|
√pwekl- |
T. pnékle 'well'
|
K. pychle 'well'
|
√pwi- |
T. pnéwet 'empty state'
T. pni 'degree of fullness'
T. pnímnet 'full state'
|
K. pymna 'full'
|
√pwos- |
T. pnos 'sense, emotion'
|
K. pos 'feeling'
|
√pwots- |
T. pnóssun 'to refine'
T. pnótas 'silver'
|
K. potos 'silver'
|
|
T. phr.cmpd. hóiramut➚ '1. chasm, precipice, sudden fall 2. sudden and unexpected turn of events (usually unfavourable: tough
break, setback)'
T. óro 'gradient, inclined terrain'
|
|
√qes- |
T. énes 'eight'
T. enézmun 'eighty'
T. phr.cmpd. hésse(h)or➚ '1. Big Dipper 2. north'
T. les (< *aQ-will-(Q)ess-(Q)or-un) 'three'
T. lessebá 'six-legged, insect'
T. phr.cmpd. lésseles➚ 'three by three, in groups of three, three at a time'
T. lézmun 'thirty'
|
K. kedze 'three'
K. këdzuma 'third'
|
√qor- |
T. énor 'nine'
T. enórmun 'ninety'
T. sor (< *aQ-will-(Q)ess-(Q)or-un) 'four'
T. sórmun 'forty'
T. sorrobá 'eight-legged, arachnid'
T. phr.cmpd. sórzeor➚ 'four by four, in groups of four, four at a time'
|
K. kore 'four'
K. koruma 'fourth'
|
|
T. ápra 'thief'
|
K. āra 'hand, arm'
K. pfv. roum (rāende), impfv. aroum (arāende), cpd. rā- 'to steal' (telic)
|
√ra- |
T. -ra (conjunctional suffix for incomplete lists)
T. rámut 'just, only'
|
|
√ta1- |
T. ta 'count noun'
T. phr.cmpd. tájapla➚ 'greed; be greedy'
T. phr.cmpd. támaga➚ 'to find'
T. phr.cmpd. tánomi➚ 'leftovers; small pieces left after the preparation of sth.'
T. phr.cmpd. tánope➚ 'exchange, swap, replace (a person or object)'
T. phr.cmpd. tánugi➚ 'inspect, check, discover (whether a person or object is really there)'
T. phr.cmpd. tánupin➚ 'resourceful, inventive'
|
K. -t(a) (nominalizer of adjectives)
K. tonue (< *ta-nu-pe) 'trade, economy'
|
√ta2- |
T. táte, tátte 'father'
|
|
√tabj- |
T. tábi 'idle state, recreation, enjoyment'
|
K. teiva 'nice, pleasant'
K. pfv. tovdzum (tavdzende), impfv. atovdzum (atavdzende), cpd. tavvi- 'to enjoy oneself' (stative)
|
√tal- |
T. tal 'name, word, label'
T. tálgan 'fame, reputation'
T. phr.cmpd. tállado➚ 'to ask for permission, to ask to loan something'
T. phr.cmpd. tállope➚ 'translation'
T. phr.cmpd. tállukes➚ '1. riddle 2. looking for a word you cannot remember'
T. tálmai 'language'
T. phr.cmpd. tálmoka➚ 'meaning (of a word or saying)'
T. phr.cmpd. tálzeglo➚ 'communication'
T. phr.cmpd. tálzetal➚ 'phrasing, style of speech'
T. télerun 'to agree' (from *talə, hence p.t. táilerun)
|
K. lafal (< *talthal) 'blathering, blabbering'
K. tale 'yes'
K. talfa (< *talta) 'name'
M. lafal
M. tali
M. tolufa
|
√tamw- |
T. támne 'protection'
T. támu 'secret'
T. táuma 'shield'
|
K. tomuna 'protected'
|
√tan- |
T. astán, astámpa 'state of common possession'
T. sartánun 'to give' (recipient: acc. nu, theme: instr. zo/za)
T. táχna 'continuously measured possession (e.g. land)'
T. phr.cmpd. támnata➚ 'money, currency'
T. tan, támpa 'state of being possessed'
T. tánta 'possessed object'
T. táplen-sartánun 'to dictate'
|
K. pfv. tonum (tanende), impfv. atonum (atanende), cpd. tani- 'to have, possess' (stative)
|
√tapl- |
T. ιttáplun 'say to each other'
T. tálpa 'particle expressing hearsay'
T. tápl 'mouth~sayer'
T. táple 'tale, report'
T. táplun 'to say'
|
K. pfv. toulum (tālende), impfv. ytum (itende), cpd. tāli- 'to speak, say' (telic) (impfv. form of unknown origin)
M. twale 'speech, language'
M. pfv. twalum (taelende), impfv. anwalum (anaelende), cpd. taeli-
|
√taq- |
T. antát, natát 'timespan'
T. kaontát 'year, full cycle'
T. táhjo-nóllo, táχtajo-nóllo 'seldom'
T. táhmi-nóllo, táχtami-nóllo 'often'
T. táχta 'time (in counting, German Mal, French fois)'
T. sent. ending táχtamit 'whenever'
T. sent. ending táppa 'when, as'
T. tat 'point in time'
|
K. tāta, tātā 'rhythm'
M. taete, taetae- (< *tātā)
|
√tat- |
|
K. pfv. totum (tatende), impfv. atotum (atatende), cpd. tati- 'to dance by performing movements with feet' (atelic) (cf. vyrum, viritotum)
K. pfv. viritotum 'to dance both by performing movements with feet and changing posture' (atelic) (cf. vyrum, totum)
|
√tatn- |
T. atáznun 'to take'
T. hjosatáznun 'to memorize'
T. hjosɩtáznun 'to remember'
T. itáznun 'take out, produce'
T. tézne-ássun 'to read, count (silently for oneself)'
T. tézne-íssun 'to read, count (out aloud)'
|
K. pfv. tochnum (tachnende), impfv. atochnum (atachnende), cpd. tachni- 'to seize, rob' (telic) (early dissim. of *taknun)
|
√tazl- |
T. tázle 'blood'
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K. tadzal 'blood'
|
√te- |
T. te 'parent'
T. téat 'father'
T. phr.cmpd. térapan➚ 'someone else's family'
T. phr.cmpd. térete➚ 'parents'
T. redupl. téte 'parents'
T. téwil 'mother'
|
|
√te(n)- |
T. témme, témne 'strong, intense, great, large value'
T. ten 'value on a scale'
T. ténwe, téwe 'weak, small value'
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K. -te (pl. suffix after n, s)
K. temna 'much, a lot'
K. prevb. ten-, tënum 'to be headed towards'
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√tebn- |
T. tében 'mind, thinker'
T. tébne 'theory, concept'
T. tébnun 'to think'
T. témba 'thought'
T. semelfact. témbarun 'to think once'
T. redupl. tetébne, teθébne 'lore, science'
|
K. teva (< tebṇ) 'thought'
K. pfv. tëvnum (tevnende), impfv. atëvnum (atevnendne), cpd. tevni- 'to think' (stative)
M. pfv. tëvnum (tevnende), impfv. anëvnum (anevnendne), cpd. tevni-
|
√tedn- |
T. ténda 'iron'
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K. tera (< *tedṇ) 'metal'
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√tepj- |
T. aitépi 'shoulders (dual)'
T. atépi 'right shoulder'
T. itépi 'left shoulder'
T. tépi 'shoulder'
T. tepikoχódro 'riding on someone's shoulders'
|
K. tefta 'shoulder'
K. teis 'side'
M. tefsha 'shoulder'
M. teis 'side' (loaned from Kymna)
|
√ter- |
T. ter- 'over there (away from speaker and listener, or in future)'
T. térχwe, téwer† 'over there'
T. térmo 'that one over there (attrib.)'
|
K. terma 'that'
K. tëvru (< *teðru < *terru) 'like that'
K. tëyru 'like that' (by analogy to vëyru)
|
√tethr- |
T. atéθrun 'to acquire unexpectedly, find, stumble upon'
T. hjosatéθrun 'to memorize casually'
T. hjosɩtéθrun 'to forget'
T. itéθrun 'to lose (unwillingly)'
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K. pfv. tëfrum (tefrende), impfv. atëfrum (atefrende), cpd. tefri- 'to find' (telic)
|
√tetl- |
T. télta 'peach'
|
|
√thar- |
T. pelθármi 'mortar'
T. θar 'piece of grain'
T. θármi 'powder, sand, corn'
|
K. frafar (< *tharthar) 'powder'
|
√thatn- |
T. θázne 'floating state'
|
K. pfv. sovnum (savnende), impfv. asovnum (asavnende), cpd. savni- 'elapse, to take (of time)' (telic) (dissim. of *þoþnum)
|
√thekhn- |
T. θéχne 'fabric, cloth'
T. θéχnun 'to weave'
|
K. sesa 'fabric'
K. pfv. sësnum (sesnende), impfv. asësnum (asesnende), cpd. sesni- 'to weave' (telic)
|
√ther- |
T. θer- 'there (something previously mentioned, or in past)'
T. θerdómo 'as you know, as mentioned, as arranged'
T. θérχwe, θéwer† 'there, that place previously mentioned'
T. θérmo 'that one mentioned (attr.)'
T. θerpámon 'then, afterwards'
T. θerpézan 'thereby, so'
|
|
√this- |
T. karθáis 'omen'
T. punθésse 'instruction'
T. taplenθíssun 'confess, admit'
T. θais 'sign, token'
T. θésse 'display'
T. θíssun 'to show'
|
K. pfv. fydzum (fidzende), impfv. afydzum (afidzende), cpd. fihi- 'to show' (telic)
|
√tho- |
T. θo 'way of doing'
|
|
√thoj- |
T. θoi, θóiχa 'wax'
T. phr.cmpd. θóinuket➚ 'seal'
T. θóita 'candle'
|
|
√thol- |
T. θáol 'a single act of service'
T. θólle 'service'
T. θóllun 'to serve'
|
|
√threb- |
T. kanθrébe (< kam(a)-threbə) 'turnip, beet'
T. θrébe 'heart'
|
K. frevi 'heart'
|
√throd- |
T. θróde 'state of sitting'
|
|
√thul- |
T. θul, θúlχa 'soup'
|
|
√thumr- |
T. θúmre, θúmreχa 'smoke'
T. θúmreta 'a puff of smoke'
|
|
√thwe- |
T. θwe 'tool'
T. phr.cmpd. θwéssega➚ 'method, technique'
|
|
√tiphj- |
T. tίφi 'grey skies (evenly covered with clouds, without the sun visible)'
T. tίiφami 'ashes'
|
K. tihima 'grey'
|
√tjaz- |
T. θáze 'star'
|
K. sadze 'star'
M. shtadze
|
√tle- |
T. mutlé 'neither cold nor warm'
T. sartalénun, sartaléon 'to warm up'
T. talé 'degree of warmth'
T. talémne 'hot state'
T. taléwe 'warm state'
T. tιlé 'degree of coldness'
T. tιlémne 'cold state'
T. tιléwe 'chilly state'
T. tle 'temperature'
|
K. lemna 'molten'
K. pfv. lënum (lenende), impfv. alënum (alenende), cpd. le-, leni- 'to melt' (telic)
K. talena 'warm'
|
√tlep- |
T. tetlépparun, teθlépparun 'blink many times, twinkle, sparkle, scintillate'
T. tléppa 'a flash'
T. semelfact. tlépparun 'to blink once'
T. tlépun 'to blink, twinkle, flash'
|
K. pfv. lëy(u)m (leiende), impfv. alëy(u)m (aleiende), cpd. lei- 'to shine' (atelic)
K. teleina (< *tetlepəna) 'bright, white, shining'
M. pfv. lëy(u)m (leiende), impfv. nilëy(u)m (nileiende), cpd. lei-
|
√tleq- |
T. atálet 'summer'
T. tlet 'season'
|
|
√tlir- |
T. tlir 'tongue'
T. phr.cmpd. tlírmotal➚ 'cheap talk, insincere words, dishonest apology etc.'
T. tlírrun 'to sample' (lit. 'to tongue')
|
K. lir 'tongue'
|
√tlud- |
T. tlóde 'sour state'
T. tlódeχa 'acid'
|
K. lure 'beer'
K. pfv. lurum (lurende), impfv. olurum (olurende), cpd. luri- 'to ferment' (telic)
|
√tludr- |
T. tlódre 'curdled, coagulated state'
T. tlúrda 'cheese'
|
|
√to- |
T. to 'sibling, cousin'
T. tóllin 'younger sibling or cousin'
T. tómen 'older sibling or cousin'
|
K. toa (< *to-pa) 'sibling'
|
√tobr- |
|
K. tovor 'horse'
|
√tod- |
T. sartódun 'to force so.'
T. tóde 'obligation, state of necessity'
T. tótte 'tribute, tax'
|
K. pfv. torum (torende), impfv. atorum (atorende), cpd. tori- 'have to, must' (stative)
M. pfv. todum (todende), impfv. anodum (anodende), cpd. todi-
|
√tog- |
T. tógun 'to understand'
|
K. pfv. to(h)um (to(h)ende), impfv. ato(h)um (ato(h)ende), cpd. tohi-, toe- 'to understand' (stative)
|
√tokhr- |
T. φnitórχami 'blizzard'
T. tóχr 'snow (fallen)'
T. tórχa 'snowflake'
T. tórχami 'snow (falling)'
|
K. torha 'snow'
|
√tops- |
T. tóspa 'bird'
|
K. todzua, tosva-, todza- (< *tospa) 'bird'
M. tosse (< *topsə)
|
√toq- |
T. phr.cmpd. tóhrumui➚ 'innumerable, uncountable'
T. tóχta 'verse'
T. tóχtamai 'poem'
T. tókun, tóhun, téon 'to count'
|
K. touta 'song'
M. twata
|
√tor- |
T. we-grade téwor, téhor 'at home'
|
|
√tra- |
T. tra 'size, volume'
T. trámne 'big, large'
T. tréwe 'small'
|
K. trame 'size'
K. tramna 'big'
|
√tru- |
T. tarú, taráu 'inward'
T. tarugánun 'to enter'
T. tιrú, tιráu 'outward'
T. tιrugánun 'to exit'
|
K. prevb. tëyru-, tëyrūm 'to exchange'
K. tora 'house' (based by analogy on pyru 'down' (√pru-) and pyra 'river' (√podj-))
K. prevb. toru-, torūm 'to be inside'
K. prevb. tyru, tyrūm 'to be out, beyond'
K. pfv. tyruhëyrum 'go beyond, surpass' (atelic)
|
√trun- |
T. antrúmmet 'radius, distance to center'
T. antrún 'distance from border to point inside'
T. multrún 'at the border'
T. tarónwe 'near the border, but within'
T. tarúmme 'near the center'
T. tarúmmet 'the very middle, center'
T. tarún 'interior position'
T. tιrónwe 'near the border, but outside'
T. tιrúmme 'far outside'
T. tιrúmmet 'outside at maximal distance'
T. tιrún 'exterior position'
T. untrún 'distance from border to point outside'
|
K. trunna 'interior'
K. yfrunna 'exterior'
M. frunna (for *trunna by analogy to yfrunna)
M. yfrunna
|
√tsagw- |
T. poidaságu 'riverbank'
T. ságu 'reed, tube, channel, sleeve'
|
|
√tsakr- |
T. sárka 'sword'
|
K. pfv. toskrum (taskrende), impfv. atoskrum (ataskrende), cpd. taskri- 'to cut' (telic)
|
√tsugl- |
T. súlga 'plum, prune'
|
K. tuskle 'plum, prune'
|
√tubl- |
T. túblun 'to jump'
T. túlba 'a jump'
T. túlba-méza 'suddenly'
|
K. pfv. tuvliskërum 'to topple, defeat' (causative)
K. pfv. tuvlum (tuvlende), impfv. otuvlum (otuvlende), cpd. tuvli- 'to fall over (of human beings and animals)' (telic)
M. pfv. tuvlum (tuvlende), impfv. anuvlum (anuvlende), cpd. tuvli-
|
√tum- |
T. túhma 'cabbage'
|
|
√tun- |
T. tίχna (< *tun-kha) 'ink' (lit. 'dark substance')
T. túmmi 'silt, soot'
T. túngwa 'grue (between green and blue)'
T. tuθúnta 'blackberry, blueberry'
|
|
√twekl- |
T. twékle 'game'
T. twékle-sun 'play a game'
T. twélka 'toy'
|
K. tëyka 'toy'
K. tychle 'game'
K. pfv. tychlum (tychlende), impfv. atychlum (atychlende), cpd. tychli- 'to play' (telic)
|
√twets- |
T. twésta 'berry'
|
K. tysta 'small'
|
√twezr- |
T. ka-tetwézra(h)on 'earthquake'
T. redupl. tetwézrun, teθwézrun 'shake, tremble'
T. twézrun 'to twitch, jerk'
|
K. pfv. tyvrum (tyvrende), impfv. atyvrum (atyvrende), cpd. tyvri- 'to move, give' (telic)
M. pfv. tybrum (tybrende), impfv. anybrum (anybrende), cpd. tybri-
|
√twi- |
T. smultwénun, smultwéon 'to stop'
T. twéwe 'slow'
T. twi 'degree of speed'
T. twímne 'fast, quick'
|
K. tymna 'quick, lively, active'
|
√un- |
T. barúigan 'twenty-four'
T. úigan 'twenty-five'
T. úimun 'fifty'
T. úmun, únun 'ten'
T. un 'five'
T. unnupún 'ten-fingered'
T. phr.cmpd. únzeon➚ 'five by five, in groups of five, five at a time'
|
K. enem, enen- (< un-un) 'ten' (dialectal)
K. enema 'tenth' (dialectal)
K. umi 'five'
K. undze, undzei- (< un-se-aj) 'six' (dialectal)
K. undzeima (< un-se-aj-mo) 'sixth' (dialectal)
K. unuma 'fifth'
|
|
T. bar- (prefix indicating that something is subordinate, a smaller or weaker version, or has not yet achieved its
full proportions)
|
|
√wil- |
T. hwil (< *aQ-will-(Q)ess-(Q)or-un) 'two'
T. hwillibá 'quadruped, animal'
T. hwillikróze 'dragonfly'
T. hwílmun 'twenty'
T. phr.cmpd. hwílzewil➚ 'two by two, in groups of two, two at a time'
T. ímil 'seven'
T. imílmun 'seventy'
|
K. vī 'two'
K. vīma 'second'
|
√win- |
T. -win (diminutive suffix)
|
K. -im, -in- (originally diminutive, later noun-formative for small objects, animals etc.)
K. ynuma 'small'
|
|
T. írkwi, írkwipa 'sweet or spicy taste'
T. írkwita 'piece of candy'
T. nίblu 'dwarf'
|
K. goro 'eight'
K. goruma 'eighth'
K. hengva 'blue'
K. himengva 'light blue'
K. himousta 'yellow'
K. īta 'word'
K. melem 'moon'
K. melemna 'lunar, pertaining to the moon'
K. mīra 'beautiful'
K. mousta 'green'
K. mulma 'deep'
K. musa 'six'
K. musuma 'sixth'
K. nenevi 'snake'
K. nëvruma 'northern'
K. nëvur 'north'
K. nivri 'seven'
K. nivrima 'seventh'
K. potme, potmei- (< pot(o)-ma-aj) 'nine'
K. potmeima 'nineth'
K. poto 'ten'
K. potoma 'tenth'
M. himwasta 'yellow'
M. hȳr 'sun'
M. hȳruma 'solar, pertaining to the sun'
M. melema 'deep'
M. mwasta 'green'
|
